Kefalonia & Ithaca sailing holidays

• All Greek islands
• Ionian overview
• Corfu, North Ionian
• Lefkas, Meganisi
• Kefalonia, Ithaca
• Zakynthos
• Sailing itineraries Ionian islands

Mythology and history

In the Odyssey the two islands of Same and Doulichion are described as belonging to the kingdom of Ithaca, but Odysseus's subjects are also called Cephallenians.

In the 6th and 5th c. BCE the island, like Corfu, was under the influence of Corinth, then in 456 BCE Tolmides compelled it to submit to Athens. At that time there were four city states on ancient Cephallenia – Kranioi, Pale, Pronnoi and Same – which Thucydides refers to as a tetrapolis. The cities were members of the Aeolian League, and Cephallenian vessels fought against Philip V of Macedon (220 – 217 BCE). They fought, too, against the Romans, but eventually the islands fell into the power of Rome. Thereafter, Kefalonia shared the destinies of the other Ionian islands.

Kefalonia island

Argostoli

Kefalonia's capital Argostoli - Αργοστόλι lies on a peninsula projecting into the Gulf of Argostoli / Livadi bay, which cuts deep into the south-west coast of the island. Once an attractive old town, it was almost completely shattered by the 1953 earthquake and has been rebuilt in modern style with wide avenues, stately squares and ornate public buildings. The cruise ship herds come and go.

The marina (not indicated on the chartlet) is even by Greek standards well below par and should not be used. In rough weather aim to get a berth in the shallow fishing harbour of Maistratos.

In Argostoli go stern-to the boulevard quay south of the rectangular slab of concrete that serves the commercial vessels: the waterfront isn't overly pretty; good holding in mud; several areas with depths <2 m.

The Archaeological Museum contains Mycanaean and Roman material.

North of the town are the famous sea mills, now partly buried as a result of the ravaging earthquake. The mills are driven by sea water surging along a channel cut through the rock and then disappearing into hidden underground passages through the limestone, to emerge on the east side of the island in the Melissani Cave.

In the large port go stern-to in the south part.
In the small harbour make a careful approach via the channel – sometimes marked by 3 pairs of buoys – and use the first basin; often most berths will be taken by local boats.
Seabed is mud; good holding in both ports once through the soft upper layer of mud.

At Cape Xi - Ξι is a phenomenal beach of bright red argil clay – ἄργιλλος is Greek for “clay” – which can be daunting to reach by yacht Lat Long otherwise 8 km south by scooter or bike from Lixouri port.

Atheras

The underappreciated Porto Atheras - Πόρτο Αθέρας provides remarkable shelter despite being open to the north (hence this bucolic bay isn't mentioned in the GWP).

Fortunately, even in prevailing NW winds the islet of Atheronisi guards the anchorage from the waves. The requisite berths, however, are behind the ~35 m long breakwater alongside the strikingly blue & gorgeous Church of Agios Spiridon Lat Long
The mole / breakwater isn't indicated on C-Map or Imray, whereas Navionics and OpenSeaMap show the correct situation.

Anchor near the sandy beach in 3 – 5 m, by preference with a line to the mole.
Tavernas ashore were closed at time of visit – reported open in season as well as both praised.

Assos

Although an absolute gem, Assos or Asos - Άσος is only suitable in lighter air; the port / anchorage quickly becomes untenable in rougher conditions.

The most protected berths are “under” the mole (rocks protruding), either stern-to the mole or to the quay.
Second choice would be to anchor south of the mole and take a line ashore there (see photos above).
In the west side of the bight there are several options to take a line ashore. To prevent rolling you might want to take that line to the bow instead of the stern → allowing the yacht to point into the wind and waves.  
Prevailing winds are northerlies; mediocre holding, certainly in the thick patches of weed; slightly better grip in the sandy areas but mind the (slabs of) rocks.
In strong NE – SSW winds relocate to Myrtos beach to the south Lat Long

Tavernas ashore (notably “Platanos”), but no marine facilities since only few yachts will visit due to the lack of shelter.
Explore the celebrated Assos Venetian castle dated 1595, grand views.
The sea caves – inaccessible to humans – around Assos peninsula support a small population of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus.

Fiskardo

At the north-eastern tip of the island lies the little port of Fiskardo - Φισκάρδο, ancient Panormos, named after the Norman leader Robert Guiscard, who died here in 1085.
The toponym Panormos refers to the allround shelter found in this bay.

Unlike the lion's share of Kefalonia, Fiskardo was spared by the 1953 earthquake and the port has retained its traditional Italianate architecture; deservedly a particularly popular port.

Prevailing winds in the summer months are NW – N; poor holding in places; we found that an extra anchoring attempt can make a lot of improvement.

In the holiday season all corners of Fiskardo port and bay will be occupied by visiting charter yachts. We prefer to moor along the north(-east) section of the bay; much quieter + secure with two lines to the windward shore.
Visit the Roman Cemetery.  

Foki

Foki - Φώκι is the first inlet south of Fiskardo without major touristic developments; the sea caves are frequented by Mediterranean monk seals; anchor in 3 – 5 m Lat Long

Kalo & Platy Limani

Kalo Limani (GWP mentions Kalo Limeni? ) - Κάλω Λιμάνι, also known as Ayia Sofia, is a superb anchorage with a decent & unelaborate taverna as a bonus Lat Long
Its twin bay Platy Limani - Πλατύ Λιμάνι, also known as Chorgota, is even more arcadian Lat Long
In Giagana bay, further south, anchoring is prohibited.
Also See Greek chart terms.

Agia Effimia

Agia Effimia or Eufimia - Αγία Ευφημία is the former main port of Kefalonia. Unfortunately, few buildings remained unscathed after the 1953 earthquake devastations, but it still has some allure of a traditional fishing village, notwithstanding the embrace of tourism and yacht charters.

Despite lacking some charme, Ay Effimia is a more approachable port than the capital Argostoli to explore Kefalonia's inland from, e.g. the Melissani and Drogarati caves.

On the approach from the north – when turning into the bay of Ay Efimia – there is the petite but worthwhile anchor bay of Kapsolimionas.  
In port you will be assigned a berth by the obliging harbourmaster. The north quay is preferred; the berths on the mole are normally on a lee shore.

Note the obstruction inside the basin indicated by Eagleray, Navionics and C-Map. Vicious gusts can / will funnel through the valley from the west or north-west. The port is unsuitable in strong NE – SSE winds.
Harbourmaster Tel. +30 6934 104 168.
In the height of season dozens of yachts will be at anchor in the middle of the port on a sandy seabed with patches of weed. (Home to) flotilla fleets.  
Visit the excavated Roman villa, 100 m from the north-west corner of the port.

Sami

Sami - Σάμη, the principal port of Kefalonia since 1953, is a good alternative to Agia Effimia and consists of a main / ferry port and a fishing harbour.

The prevailing NW – N winds plus rebound waves can penetrate the main port, the T-shaped pier is actually an arched bridge which further allows the waves to affect the inner basin.
Although certain sections are too shallow for larger monohulls, the fishing harbour offers allround shelter.  

The harbourmaster will allocate a berth, usually at the “hammerhead” alias T-shaped pier, the berths along the promenade will be taken by local boats.
Good holding in mud, mind the swell that is sent through the arches in stronger W – NW winds.
Set in verdant surroundings the port of Sami is a modern, yet pleasant village.

Conclusion

  Focus on the north & east coasts of Kefalonia island.  

Further reading

• See chart symbols for the meaning of e.g.
• Mediterranean mooring and anchoring
• The sailing season

Ithaca island

Ithaca, Ithaki or Ithaka - Ιθάκη (popularly called Thiaki) is a rocky island separated from Kefalonia by the 2 nm wide Ithaca channel and is almost cut into two by the long Gulf of Molos on its east side; the isthmus joining the two halves, at Mount Aetos (380 m), is only 600 m wide.

In the north of the island is the Ani range of hills (Mount Neritos, 806 m), in the south Mount Stefani (669 m). Much of the island has been marked by karstic action, but agriculture is possible in a few fertile valleys.

Present-day Ithaca is wildly acknowledged as being Odysseus's island of Ithaca, as described in the “Odyssey”.

The earliest finds of pottery point to a first settlement of the island towards the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. A number of Mycenaean sites have been identified, though their poverty is difficult to reconcile with the wealthy Homeric Ithaca, which is dated to this very Mycenaean period.

During the 1st millennium BCE, however, the islands seems to have attained a degree of prosperity throught an active trade with mainland Greece and Italy. From Roman times Ithaca shared the destinies of the other Ionian islands.

During the Middle Ages the inhabitants were driven out by pirates, who established their base in what is now Vathy.
In the 17th c. the island was resettled by peasants from Kefalonia.

Ithaca, Kefalonia, Arkoudi, Atokos are part of the Kefalonia Geopark (Unesco) which offer also protection for marine life such as whales and dolphins

After a long history of devastating raids and eathquakes practically all Ithaca's older buildings have been destroyed.

The three main berthing options:

• The quay opposite the village, in the NNE corner of the bay offers the best protection north-westerlies and the violent gusts.
• Along the village esplanade directy south of the ferry jetty (which, by the way, is infrequently used so you could try your luck there as well).
• On the outside of the mole that guards the local boats. This is a lee shore, yet often the winds die down during the night.

2 km west of Vathy, on the slopes of Mount Ayios Nikolaos, is the Marmaro Spilia, a stalactitic cave and ancient cult site that is identified as the Cave of Nymphs called Naiads.

Further west, on Mount Aetos, is the acropolis of an ancient city (7th c. BCE), perhaps Strabo's Alalkomenai, which was excavated by Schliemann and is popularly known as the Castle of Odysseus.

3 km south of Vathy is the site of Palaiokhora, the island's capital until the 16th c. Further south on a difficult path is the fountain of Arethusa, beneath the Raven's Crag “Odyssey, 13, 408 – 409”. Further south is the plateau of Marathia, with extensive plantations of olive trees and spectacular views.

Sarakiniko

Sarakiniko - Σαρακίνικο is a lovely secluded anchorage on the east coast of Ithaca – delightfully devoid of civilization – only open to the SE winds. Choose a sandy spot to anchor near the NW (or SW) corner and take a line to the rocks.
The toponym is quite common, e.g. on Syros island, Milos island, Parga or Kastos and refers to the Saracen pirates who used these bays Lat Long

Pera Pigadia

The bay of Pera Pigadia - Πέρα Πηγάδια (incorrectly named “Pera Pigadhi” in GWP) has three suitable coves for anchoring in an arboreal atmosphere close to the beaches; prevailing winds tend to follow the coast.

Moreover, on the islet of Pera Pigadi you'll find the minute harbour of Ag Ilia; go stern-to or alongside the stubby (13 m long) mole or the quay (28 m); mud and weed; rats reported on the island; insufficient depths for the larger monohulls to go along-side the quay. Note that this is a lee shore when irregular yet powerful katabatic gusts flow down the hills from the west-north-west.

Ag Andreou

Agiou Andreou - Αγίου Ανδρέου is a profoundly cloistered bay, which ends in a pocket-beach.
Anchor in 4 – 10 m, where you can wedge the stern anchor in the rocks; not everywhere good holding in mud / weed; commercial shipping create a nasty swell   , which combined with gusts from the north can make it very uncomfortable Lat Long

On the west coast of the bay, facing the harbour, is the Louizou Cave, which has yielded ancient artifacts showing that the site was a place of worship – and a shrine of Athena and Hera in Mycenaean times – as early as 9th c. BCE. It was destroyed by an earthquake and is underwater / inaccessible, yet the entrance is clearly visible from the yacht.

The cave was named after the discoverer who showed his finds – coins, knife and sword – to Heinrich Schliemann who was able to appreciate the true value: that the Homeric Odysseus was likely a real historical figure.   Almost 3000 years after Odysseus' return to his home you can visit the exhibits in Stavros. Although just a theory, it is a delight to imagine that the epic poem might well have had its roots on Ithaca island.

1 km north of the bay, on Mount Pelikata above Port Polis, are remains of a settlement dated between 2200 and 1500 BCE.

In the bay you can anchor south of the port (mind the submarine cable), either near the jetty or further south, and take a line to the rocks or jetty.
The best anchorage is directly north of the cave   , take a line ashore.

Local boats claim most of the berths inside the port, but there will be room outside the season; mind the fixed moorings on the bottom; bad holding and make sure the anchor penetrates the thick layer of weeds.

The NW corner of the port doesn't get much shelter from the breakwater – although safer with respect to the gusts – the heavy wake from ferries or other commercial shipping will induce rolling (mind your rigging) and / or push yachts on the quay.   Use plenty of fenders.

In the open Frikes bay, the anchorages along the north provide shelter against the prevailing NW. Moreover, the southern bays are mostly desecrated by the road that hugs the coastline.

• On the north side aim for Liméni bay; gusts W – NW; good holding in mud / weed; anchor in 5 – 8 m Lat Long
• On the south side aim for Vathy Limáni bay; good holding in sand; open to SW – NE winds; no road Lat Long

Visit the village of Stavros: amongst all treasures is a Cyclopean wall dating 3000 BCE.
Taverna in Frikes port: “Ageri”, at the waterfront, for modern Greek dining.

Kioni

Kioni - Κιόνι is a pretty and surprisingly traditional village – just south of the Vathy Limáni anchorage – under wonderfully wooded hills. The three ruins of windmills on Cape Psigadi will guide you on the approach.

The winds blow strongest in June and July and peaks in the afternoon, with less vigor in the evening; gusts from the north-west; shelter from all winds except the ESE, rare in the sailing season.
The best berths are stern-to at the quay near the green harbour light.

The anchorage opposite the quay is reportatedly unreliable without a line ashore. In the summer Kioni is crowded, however, and the south bank will also be full of yachts, use the dinghy to go ashore.
Delicious (Vegetarian / Vegan) dining at “Lizzy's” near the harbour light and “Piccolo Coffee” in the morning…

Miscellaneous

Atokos

Atokos - Άτοκος is a breathtaking, rocky and uninhabited island 5 NM east of North-Ithaca with two distinctive camel humps and three anchorages ↺ :

• “Cliff bay” on the south coast is regarded as too deep – mostly 15 m and deeper – by most yachtspersons, but in light winds you can get close to the cliffs.
• Directly east of Cliff bay is a tiny cove where you can anchor in 7 – 10 m; less sheltered; less sublime.
• A very solid anchorage on the east coast of Atokos is called “One house bay” in GWP, yet the first building is actually the rather quaint Church of Ay Giannis, that even features a model ship candelabrum hanging from the ceiling. There is a track leading past a second building to the saddle point center of the island. In September this private island is off limits.

Astakos

Astakos - Αστακός town is worth the detour – genuinely off the beaten track – with predominatly Greek tourists further supporting a vivacious fishing and farming community; the name means “lobster”.

Echinades

The island group Echinades - Ἐχινάδες is severely blemished by pisciculture. The Echinades derived their name from the “echinus” or the sea urchin, in consequence of their sharp and prickly outlines. For the same reason they were called Oxeiae, or the Sharp islands.

Oxia

The highest point in the Echinades (421 m) is Oxia or Oxeia - Οξεία: a steep and brambly island, which also has been sullied by fish farms in all bays, yet is otherwise splendid; in 1571 the stage of the Battle of Lepanto in which the western fleet commanded by Don John of Austria, a natural son of the Emperor Charles V, defeated the Turkish fleet Lat Long